Introduction to Optics (Rainer Heintzmann and Ulrich Kubitscheck) Principles of Light Microscopy (Ulrich Kubitscheck) Fluorescence Microscopy (Jurek W. Dobrucki and Ulrich Kubitscheck) Fluorescence Labeling (Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus and Karin Nienhaus) Confocal Microscopy (Nikolaus Naredi-Rainer, Jens Prescher, Achim Hartschuh and Don C. Lamb) Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Living Intact Tissues (David W. Piston) Light Sheet Microscopy (Gopi Shah, Michael Weber and Jan Huisken) Localization-Based Super-Resolution Microscopy (Markus Sauer and Mike Heilemann) Super-Resolution Microscopy: Interference and Pattern Techniques (Udo Birk, Gerrit Best, Roman Amberger and Christoph) STED Microscopy (Travis J. Gould, Lena K. Schroeder, Patrina A. Pellett and Joerg Bewersdorf) Fluorescence Photobleaching Techniques (Reiner Peters) Single-Molecule Microscopy in the Life Sciences (Markus Axmann, Josef Madl and Gerhard J. Schütz) Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (Fred S. Wouters) Appendix A: What Exactly is a Digital Image? Ulrich Kubitscheck Appendix B: Practical Guide to Optical Alignment (Rainer Heintzmann) Index